Dr. Liang Chen's work on the electrothermal modeling and optimal design has been accepted by IEEE Transaction on TCAD. This work develops a novel compact electrothermal devices (TEC) based on the first principles. Based on this model, the optimal voltages can be derived analytically for a given TEC devices for maximum cooling capacity.  

L. Chen, S. Sadiqbatcha, H. Amrouch and S. X.-D. Tan, “Electrothermal simulation and optimal design of thermoelectric cooler using analytic approach”, IEEE Transaction on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems (TCAD), accepted.